Friday, April 19, 2013

Chapter 3: Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations



Chapter 3

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS
AND RECOMMENDATIONS



SUMMARY

This research paper focused on how fashion models affect school girls’ self-identity.

The correlation method was used as the research design for it involves two different variables and determines the connection of each other, the fashion models and school girl’s self-identity. The research findings are the following:

1.    Because of high standards, both average women and fashion models feel pressure.

2.   Fashion industry display and expose thin girls too much, that is why young girls think that it is the standard and appropriate body figure for women. They tend to evaluate their appearance based on what they have compared with models and other girls.

3.   The feeling of being not good enough and thinking that one’s body not suitable for modelling can lower a girl’s self-esteem.

4.   Comparing one’s physical attractiveness with fashion models affects one’s self identity and could make girls evaluate their looks and self-worth based on superficial standards. It influences women’s idea of what constitutes a standard level of physical attractiveness.

5.   The increasing number of anorexia cases is the result of girls’ eagerness to lose weight. They consider skipping meals or having erratic meal patterns and this may lead to some health problems and eating disorders.



CONCLUSIONS
        
The following conclusions are based on the data that was collected during the research study:

1.    By means of dealing with the pressure cause of high standards to fashion models, most school girls build their self-identity where they evaluate their looks and self-worth based on superficial standards. They tend to compare their appearance with models and improve themselves in a way that they acquire the standard body figure. In a negative way, this results to some health problems among girls.

2.   On the brighter side, some girls look at fashion models as an inspiration in achieving their dreams and not just as women’s basis for the standard of beauty.



RECOMMENDATIONS

        The different recommendations made for different beneficiaries are as follows:

1.    For fashion models, consider your health first before others. Set your priorities and know the things important to you while enjoying and living life without pressure. Health is more important than success and fame.

2.   To school girls, learn how to develop your self-identity without depending on others. Do not let pressure control you from the standards of beauty. Decide who you are and don't let others dictate what they want you to be. Focusing on one’s studies should be the school girls priority.

3.   Parents must guide their children especially during their adolescent years because that is the stage where they experience difficulty and crisis in determining their self-identity. They should let their child feel appreciated and that they are good enough for them not to seek contentment from other things.

4.   Finally, for future researchers who will make research paper similar to this, research more on the solutions to the problems of high standards with regard to health issues. Make a research on the different effects of the increasing number of health problems because of these superficial standards.



References:


B. Electronic Media


“Fashion-Models.” Retrieved January 28, 2013 from http://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/models/community/Fashion-Models

New Study Shows That Thin Models Don’t Make Most Women Want to Shop.”


“From cocaine to eating cotton wool balls, how models stay thin.” Retrieved February 4, 2013 from http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/article/TMG9524919/From-cocaine-to-eating-cotton-wool-balls-how-models-stay-thin.html

 

The girls living on just one meal a day: Teens risk health to copy stick-thin celebrities.” Retrieved February 9, 2013 from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1219960/The-girls-living-just-meal-day-Teens-risk-health-copy-stick-celebrities-eating-disorder-anorexia-bulimia.html#ixzz0Ts0zP6KP

 

Girls Must Finish Developing First.” Retrieved February 10, 2013 from http://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2012/09/13/sweet-16-and-a-runway-model/girls-must-finish-developing-before-becoming-fashion-models

 

Personal Health; Parents Can Bolster Girls' Fragile Self-Esteem.” Retrieved February 25, 2013 from http://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/11/science/personal-health-parents-can-bolster-girls-fragile-self-esteem.html?src=pm

 

“I'm not going to teach young girls how to die': Frightening words of 4st anorexic who gets FAN MAIL because she's so thin.” Retrieved February 25, 2013 from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-2250422/Frightening-words-4st-anorexic-Valeria-Levitin-gets-FAN-MAIL-shes-thin.html

 

“Thigh Gap A Growing Obsession Online... But Not Necessarily At The Surgeon's Office.” Retrieved March 25, 2013 from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/28/thigh-gap-online-obsession_n_2784276.html

 

Satcher: Obesity almost as bad as smoking.” Retrieved March 25, 2013 from http://edition.cnn.com/2001/HEALTH/conditions/12/13/satcher.obesity/index.html?_s=PM:HEALTH

 

The Countdown - 5 Disadvantages of Obesity That Would Inevitably Affect the Obese.” Retrieved March 26, 2013 from http://ezinearticles.com/?The-Countdown---5-Disadvantages-of-Obesity-That-Would-Inevitably-Affect-the-Obese&id=2565601

Chapter 2: Discussion



Chapter 2
DISCUSSION



How do fashion models affect school girls’ self-identity?


Pressure to be thin

Pressure to be thin is bad because of the negative influences it brings both to school girls and fashion models. It is the reason for all the health issues that girls are experiencing now.


Fashion Industry, sometimes, are blamed for the prevalence of weight loss problems among girls. Modelling agencies require potential models to be thin for the maintenance of the appropriate body figure. Because of this, women, especially school girls, think that what kind of body fashion models have is the standard body figure in the society. But these fashion models are super thin that they promote anorexia to society.


An online community composed of mid to late teen members called Pro-Ana promotes anorexia. Having the quotation of “Anorexia is a lifestyle not a disease,” they became popular to girls who are eager to be thin like models. They give tips on how to lose weight in a dangerous way. These tips are not suitable and not recommended by health experts because it may lead to some health problems.


Girls’ eagerness to lose weight may lead to some eating disorders. An article revealed that a foreign survey conducted by Exeter-based Schools Health Education Unit shows that young girls, ages 10-15 years old, tend to skip meals, particularly breakfast and lunch, in order to lose weight easily. As per health experts’ warning, skipping meals or erratic meal patterns may lead to some health problems and eating disorders. (http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1219960/The-girls-living-just-meal-day-Teens-risk-health-copy-stick-celebrities-eating-disorder-anorexia-bulimia.html#ixzz0Ts0zP6KP )


There were only two classifications of a body figure: Slim or Fat. Not until different body insecurities of women spread all over.  Because of being too weight conscious and too aware of their insecurities, there are new trends nowadays regarding weight issues. One of those trends is the obsession in thigh gap. Thigh gap is said to be viral to women, particularly to teen girls. It pertains to the space between one's thighs. Girls believe that having thigh gap is sexy. Girls may have thigh gap but others doesn’t have. Because of aiming for this new kind of trend, there is an increase in demand for such operations for having a thigh gap and girls who doesn’t have those are consulting doctors. (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/28/thigh-gap-online-obsession_n_2784276.html)


Because of the pressure of having the required body, some of the fashion models take drugs, use injections and pills to restrain their appetite and hold off hunger for them to maintain their required body figure as models. According to an interview of a model, some even eat cotton balls to fill their stomach and starve off hunger. In this way, models find it easier to lose weight in a short period of time. (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/article/TMG9524919/From-cocaine-to-eating-cotton-wool-balls-how-models-stay-thin.html)



Obesity

Fashion industry display and expose thin girls too much, that is why young girls think that it is the standard and appropriate body figure for women. They tend to evaluate their appearance based on what they have compared with models and other girls.


However, this pressure to be thin may not be an entirely negative thing.


According to an article, more than 61 percent of adults and 14 percent of adolescents are affected by obesity and some 300,000 die each year from health problems directly related to obesity. These health problems include cancer, diabetes, hypertension and heart problems. The more an obese person ignores these health issues, the more chances of having death as a result. The prevalence of obesity seems to be increasing in most parts of the world. (http://edition.cnn.com/2001/HEALTH/conditions/12/13/satcher.obesity/index.html?_s=PM:HEALTH )



Disadvantages

According to Sivadi Kisho, there are five disadvantages of obesity:

1.      
Health Deterioration
Obviously, this is the main disadvantage of being an obese, you can get different health problems. Cancer, diabetes, hypertension and heart problems are some of the health risks. The more an obese person ignores these health issues, the more chances of having death as a result.


2.      The Feeling of Depression
Obese people are aware of the disadvantages of obesity. They know that being obese comes with encountering different problems like having health problems and receiving criticisms from other people. And with this, they feel sad and depressed. 


3.     Sexual Issues 
Studies shows that obese people experience lack of sexual enjoyment and sexual desire. Of course, if a person does not engaged in any sexual activity at all, this disadvantage seems no effect for them.


4.      Social Problems
Judgement and criticisms are normally received by people who are unacceptable for the society and obese people are one of those. They are most likely to experience bullying from the people around them. And almost everyone wants a sexy or hot girlfriend or boyfriend, that's why obese people feel rejected every time. There is a tendency that they can't confess to someone because they know that the one they like will never love them back.


5.      Goals are harder or impossible to accomplish
It is hard to achieve your dream if you are not physically fit. Almost everything that we do requires physical contact. You can't acquire success by just sitting and thinking. There is a need for action and you need to be engaged in physical activities. You cannot accomplish your goal if you can't even discipline yourself from eating.




In addition to that, according to Seidell JC, “As many as 250 million people worldwide may be obese, 7% of the adult population; and two to three times as many may be considered overweight. Prevention of obesity through the promotion of a healthy lifestyle is among the important challenges for the new millennium, and should start in childhood.”


There are still organizations that are willing to give and donate that can help build facilities and programs that can actually benefit people live a healthy lifestyle.


Pressure to be thin is, somehow, good in a way that it lessens the growing number of obesity cases all over the world. Learning to control oneself or having the self-discipline is one good thing about this pressure.


There are two possible reasons for girls’ attitude when dealing with this pressure. Parents’ play a crucial role for that. They must fulfill their duties by giving their child their needs both material things and emotional needs. By doing little things for one’s child, she would feel loved and appreciated and that is where they build their self-esteem.  They feel contented for what they have and what they are because of how her parents treated her. Unlike those parents who condemn their child to try new things and compare them with others, the young girl will feel that she is not good enough. That is where they start to mimic models and celebrities and focus their attention in improving themselves to be like them, to be perfect like them.


     It is always a girl’s decision whether to continue improving themselves and building their identity with accordance to the standard of beauty imposed by the fashion industry and society. Guiding them in choosing the right decision is the best thing a parent could do for his/her child.


     If girls want to lose weight and want to be fit but not anorexic, they should practice self-discipline in a way that they are not considering skipping meals and still living a healthy lifestyle. Losing weight to be physically fit without destroying one’s health is possible. The right amount of food, regular exercise and consultation to the doctor regularly can help a lot. It is a matter of deciding in what way you want to be slim; fastest way is to skip meals and starve oneself or patiently undergoing a diet and exercise in a healthy way.


     Society should stop displaying and creating standards of beauty. Obviously, it has a negative influence not only to fashion models but also to girls who are looking up to them. Instead, fashion models should make this as an opportunity for them to inspire other girls. Inspire in a way that they can undergo a change but in a positive way. Change for girls because they want to and not because the society wants them to be.

Chapter 1: Introduction



Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION




A.  Background of the Study


Aside from looks, body figure is the first factor that society finds in a fashion model because thin models are the best models for clothing products. Modelling agencies think that they could have a better presentation if they use thin girls as their endorsers. That is why some girls are being submissive and inclined to look thin the way how fashion models look like. Jill Lee, a web writer and medical transcriptionist, states that in order to be in the fashion industry, every aspiring model should at least, have resources in order to say that ‘you have what it takes to be a fashion model’. (http://smallbusiness.chron.com/pressures-modeling-industry-38285.html)


Fashion models find difficulty in attaining the high standards that were imposed by the fashion industry and modelling agencies. Most of the models take pills, cigarettes and different kinds of drugs to restrain their appetite and hold off hunger for them to maintain their required body figure as models. Even cotton balls were eaten by models for the filling of their stomach (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/article/TMG9524919/From-cocaine-to-eating-cotton-wool-balls-how-models-stay-thin.html).


According to Laura Clark and Steve Doughty, "Experts warned that erratic meal patterns at such a young age could lead to girls developing eating disorders such as anorexia, bulimia or compulsive eating as well as health problems associated with them as the body is deprived of nutrients."


Young girls feel pressured about losing weight that leads them to have a perspective and mind set of being slim as a necessity in order to be beautiful like fashion models. They become aware of their insecurities and become more conscious in body weight. Study shows that young girls ages 10-15 years old tend to skip meals particularly breakfast and lunch in order to lose weight easily. (http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1219960/The-girls-living-just-meal-day-Teens-risk-health-copy-stick-celebrities-eating-disorder-anorexia-bulimia.html#ixzz0Ts0zP6KP)


Models portray a big role to girls, for that will be every girl’s basis for ideal weight and body and improving as individual, can maintain positive views of herself. Based on the study about the negative influence of fashion models to young girls, comparing physical attractiveness with the fashion models affects one’s self identity and lead girls to evaluate and improve their appearance due to what they have compared. It influences teens or school girls’ perceptions of what constitutes an acceptable level of physical attractiveness. (http://www.fsc.yorku.ca/york/rsheese/psyc1010/wiki/index.php/How_do_models_negatively_influence_self_percetion_%26_beauty_ideals%3F)


Although society, particularly young girls, adapts the standards of beauty for women, there is still a problem about the increasing number of anorexic girls. The standard weight for models affects the girls’ consciousness about their body figure. Hence, there is a need of conducting this study because of the issue about the cases of anorexia.


This study focuses more on how fashion models affect school girls’ self-identity and how young girls deal with the pressure.




B.  Statement of the Problem


This study aims to answer this question:

1.    How do fashion models affect school girls’ self-identity?



C.  Significance of the Study

Fashion Models.  This study would help fashion models to understand the negative effects of fashion industry’s high standards and to better evaluate their role in the society.

School Girls. Youth girls, school girls to be exact, would benefit from this study because they will have an idea about the pressure that other young girls experience brought by fashion models and how to cope up with the society and fashion industry.

Parents.  Through this research paper, parents will be aware of the things and people that may affect or influence their child’s attitude.



D.  Scope and Delimitation


This study focuses on the factors that affect school girls’ self-identity brought by fashion models. The pressure that young girls feel when they look at fashion models and how fashion models cope up with the standards of fashion industry or modelling agency would be the main topic of this research.


To give an overview about the effects of fashion industry’s high standards not just to fashion models but to young girls also is the purpose of this study. Health issues are included since it is part of the study as it is one of the effects.


School girls with different ages were the chosen respondents for a survey since they are involved in this issue. They are exposed in the world of fashion and more aware of the standards of fashion industry compared to adults.
    


E.  Materials and Methods


Correlation method was used to conduct this research because it involves two different variables and determines the connection of each other. Through this method, we determine that fashion models in some way, are related to school girls. It is indeed a negative correlation because the more likely teens see a fashion model, they tend to feel pressure.


There are survey forms and questionnaires that were given to respondents which are the school girls. Articles that are posted online and other book references were used as part of the research.



F.  Definition of Terms

Fashion Industry.  Makers and sellers of fashionable clothing.

Fashion Models.  A woman who wears clothes to display fashions.

School Girls.  A schoolgirl is a girl attending either primary or secondary school, generally aged between four and eighteen years old.

Modeling Agency.  A company that represents fashion models, to work for the fashion industry. These agencies earn their income via commission, usually from the deal they make with the model and or the head agency.

Self-Identity.  The recognition of one’s potential and qualities as an individual, especially in relation to social context. Or also called ‘self-concept”, is one's concept of oneself, including the perceptions one has about one's abilities, flaws, status, and worth.